Explaining the Impact of Perceived Career Growth and Organisational Justice on Intention to Stay
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Dec 21, 2018
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate intention to stay among officers in the City Traffic Police Lahore in relation to their perceptions of organisational justice and career growth. Using a quantitative research approach, a sample of 224 traffic wardens working in 30 sectors in the city of Lahore were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were gathered using a questionnaire containing Likert-type scales relating to all variable of interest. Apart from procedural justice and professional ability development, all dimensions of organisational justice and perceived career growth were found to significantly influence traffic officers’ intention to stay. Moreover, promotional speed emerged as the strongest predictor of the intent to stay. The findings of this study may guide police authorities in dealing with issues on turnover by initiating policies which can strengthen employee retention intention. Additionally, it provides empirical insights on the contributing factors of high turnover in the City Traffic Police Lahore. This paper enhances understanding of turnover issues by investigating retention intention of traffic police officers in an Eastern culture. Specifically, this research contributes to literature by examining the predictive role of organisational inducement factors (organisational justice and career growth) on attitude (intention to stay). Additionally, both the exogenous constructs of interest are used at the dimensional levels.
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Keywords
Intention to Stay, Organisational Justice, Perceived Career Growth, City Traff Police Lahore
References
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Arthur, M.B., DeFillippi, R.J. and Lindsay, V.J., 2008. On being a knowledge worker. Organizational dynamics, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 365-377.
Bajwa, A., 2015. Service structure: Regulations sought for warden promotion. The Express Tribune. Retrieved from http://tribune.com.pk/story/907581/service-structure-regulations-sought-for-wardens-promotions/
Bayazit, M. and Mannix, E.A., 2003. Should i stay or should i go? predicting team members' intent to remain in the team. Small group research, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 290-321.
Berkowitz, L.E. and Walster, E.E., 1976. Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 9, Equity theory: Toward a general theory of social interaction., Academic Press.
Blau, P.M., 1964. Justice in social exchange. Sociological inquiry, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 193-206.
Blumberg, D.M., Giromini, L. and Jacobson, L.B., 2016. Impact of police academy training on recruits' integrity. Police quarterly, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 63-86.
Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr-Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S. and Dienger, J., 2013. The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, well-being, commitment and turnover for nurses in Australia and the USA. Journal of advanced nursing, Vol. 69 No. 12, pp. 2786-2799.
Chen, J.Q., Hou, Z.J., Li, X., Lovelace, K.J., Liu, Y.L. and Wang, Z.L., 2016. The role of career growth in Chinese new employee's turnover process. Journal of career development, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 11-25.
Chew, Y.T., 2005. Achieving organisational prosperity through employee motivation and retention: A comparative study of strategic hrm practices in Malaysian institutions. Research and practice in human resource management, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 87-104.
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E., Daniels, S. and Hall, A., 2016. Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies", Academy of management annals, pp. annals-2015.
Cropanzano, R. and Mitchell, M.S., 2005. Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of management, Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 874-900.
Folger, R. and Konovsky, M.A., 1989. Effects of procedural and distributive justice on reactions to pay raise decisions. Academy of management journal, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 115-130.
George, C., 2015. Retaining professional workers: what makes them stay? Employee relations, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 102-121.
Ghosh, P., Satyawadi, R., Joshi, J.P. and Shadman, M., 2013. Who stays with you? Factors predicting employees' intention to stay. International journal of organizational analysis, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 288-312.
Graham, K., 2012. Development and Validation of a Measure of Intention to Stay in Academia for Physician Assistant Faculty. Theses and Dissertation, Paper 322. The University of Toledo. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPA.0000000000000012
Greenberg, J., 1988. Cultivating an image of justice: Looking fair on the job. The academy of management executive, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 155-157.
Hackman, J. and Oldham, G., 1975. Job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin.
Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P., 2017. One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of applied psychology, 102(3), 530-545. http://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103
Howes, L.M. and Goodman-Delahunty, J., 2015. Career decisions by Australian police officers: A cross-section of perspectives on entering, staying in and leaving policing careers. Police practice and research, Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 453-468.
Hur, Y., 2013. Turnover, voluntary turnover, and organizational performance: Evidence from municipal police departments. Public administration quarterly, pp. 3-35.
Eom, M.T., 2015. How can organization retain it personnel? Impact of its manager's leadership on its personnel's intention to stay. Information systems management, Vol. 32 No. 4, pp. 316-330.
Jans, N.A., 1989. Organizational commitment, career factors and career/life stage.
Journal of organizational behavior, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 247-266.
Karavardar, G., 2014. Organizational career growth and turnover intention: An application in audit firms in Turkey. International business research, Vol. 7 No. 9, p. 67.
Kim, B., Rhee, E., Ha, G., Jung, S.H., Cho, D., Lee, H.K. and Lee, S.M., 2016. Cross- cultural validation of the career growth scale for Korean employees. Journal of career development, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 26-36.
Lal, P., Malhotra, C., Nath, A., Malhotra, R., Ingle, G.K. et al., 2007. Career aspirations and apprehensions regarding medical education among first year medical students in Delhi. Indian journal of community medicine, Vol. 32 No. 3, p. 217.
Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.L., Jiang, S., Elechi, O.O., Benjamin, B., Morris, A., Laux,
J.M. and Dupuy, P., 2010. The relationship among distributive and procedural justice and correctional life satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intent: An exploratory study. Journal of criminal justice, Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 7-16.
Lee, T., Hom, P., Eberly, M. and Li, J., 2017. Managing employee retention and turnover with 21st century ideas. Organizational dynamics.
Liu, J., Yang, J., Liu, Y., Yang, Y. and Zhang, H., 2015. The use of career growth scale in Chinese nurses: Validity and reliability. International journal of nursing sciences, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 80-85.
Lynch, J.E. and Tuckey, M., 2008. The police turnover problem: fact or fiction? Policing: An international journal of police strategies & management, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 6-18.
Moorman, R.H., 1991. Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of applied psychology, Vol. 76 No. 6, p. 845.
Muzumdar, P., 2012a. Influence of interactional justice on the turnover behavioral decision in an organization.
Muzumdar, P., 2012b. Influence of interactional justice on the turnover behavioral decision in an organization.
Nadiri, H. and Tanova, C., 2010. An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International journal of hospitality management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 33-41.
Nouri, H. and Parker, R.J., 2013.Career growth opportunities and employee turnover intentions in public accounting firms. The British accounting review, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 138-148.
Owolabi, A.B., 2012. Effect of organizational justice and organizational environment on turn-over intention of health workers in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Research in world economy, Vol. 3 No. 1, p. 28.
Price, J.L. and Mueller, C.W., 1986. Absenteeism and turnover of hospital employees.
.
Reina, C.S., Rogers, K.M., Peterson, S.J., Byron, K. and Hom, P.W., 2017. Quit- ting the boss? the role of manager influence tactics and employee emotional engagement in voluntary turnover. Journal of leadership & organizational studies, p. 1548051817709007.
Reukauf, J.A., 2018. The correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention in small business.
Rhoades, L. and Eisenberger, R., 2002. Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology.
Shao, R., Rupp, D.E., Skarlicki, D.P. and Jones, K.S., 2013. Employee justice across cultures: A meta-analytic review. Journal of management, Vol. 39 No. 1, pp. 263-301.
Spagnoli, P., 2017. Organizational socialization learning, organizational career growth, and work outcomes: A moderated mediation model. Journal of career development, p. 0894845317700728.
Spagnoli, P. and Weng, Q., 2017. Factorial validity, cross-cultural equivalence, and latent means examination of the organizational career growth scale in Italy and China. The international journal of human resource management, pp. 1-20.
Tett, R. and Meyer, J., 1993. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta- analysis findings. Personnel psychology, Vol. 46.
Thibaut, J.W. and Walker, L., 1975. Procedural justice: A psychological analysis, L. Erlbaum Associates.
The Express, 2015. Service structure: Regulations sought for warden promotion. The Express Tribune. Retrieved from http://tribune.com.pk/story/907581/service-structure-regulations-sought-for-wardens-promotions/
Toch, H., 2002. Stress in policing. Washington DC: American psychological association. Pines, AM & G. Keinan (2005). Stress and burnout: The significant difference. Personality and individual differences, pp. 1-11.
Wang, Q., Weng, Q., McElroy, J.C., Ashkanasy, N.M. and Lievens, F., 2014. Organizational career growth and subsequent voice behavior: The role of affective commitment and gender. Journal of vocational behavior, Vol. 84 No. 3, pp. 431-441.
Weng, Q., McElroy, J.C., Morrow, P.C. and Liu, R., 2010a. The relationship between career growth and organizational commitment. Journal of vocational behavior, Vol. 77 No. 3, pp. 391-400.
Wittmer, J.L., Martin, J.E. and Tekleab, A.G., 2010. Procedural justice and work out- comes in a unionized setting: The mediating role of leader-member exchange. American journal of business, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 55-70.
Yun, I., Hwang, E. and Lynch, J., 2015. Police stressors, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention among South Korean police officers. Asian journal of criminology, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 23-41.
Zeytinoglu, I.U., Keser, A., Y, G., Inelmen, K., O¨ zsoy, A. and Uygur, D., 2012. Security in a sea of insecurity: job security and intention to stay among service sector employees in Turkey. The international journal of human resource management, Vol. 23 No. 13, pp. 2809-28
Akhtar, M. S., Salleh, L. M., & Mehmood, S. A. (2017). Conceptualization of paradoxical outcomes on employees' intentions to stay and intentions to leave. Science International-Lahore, 29(6), 1215-1218.Armstrong-Stassen, M. and Ursel, N.D., 2009. Perceived organizational support, career satisfaction, and the retention of older workers. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, Vol. 82 No. 1, pp. 201-220.
Arthur, M.B., DeFillippi, R.J. and Lindsay, V.J., 2008. On being a knowledge worker. Organizational dynamics, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 365-377.
Bajwa, A., 2015. Service structure: Regulations sought for warden promotion. The Express Tribune. Retrieved from http://tribune.com.pk/story/907581/service-structure-regulations-sought-for-wardens-promotions/
Bayazit, M. and Mannix, E.A., 2003. Should i stay or should i go? predicting team members' intent to remain in the team. Small group research, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 290-321.
Berkowitz, L.E. and Walster, E.E., 1976. Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 9, Equity theory: Toward a general theory of social interaction., Academic Press.
Blau, P.M., 1964. Justice in social exchange. Sociological inquiry, Vol. 34 No. 2, pp. 193-206.
Blumberg, D.M., Giromini, L. and Jacobson, L.B., 2016. Impact of police academy training on recruits' integrity. Police quarterly, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 63-86.
Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr-Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S. and Dienger, J., 2013. The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, well-being, commitment and turnover for nurses in Australia and the USA. Journal of advanced nursing, Vol. 69 No. 12, pp. 2786-2799.
Chen, J.Q., Hou, Z.J., Li, X., Lovelace, K.J., Liu, Y.L. and Wang, Z.L., 2016. The role of career growth in Chinese new employee's turnover process. Journal of career development, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 11-25.
Chew, Y.T., 2005. Achieving organisational prosperity through employee motivation and retention: A comparative study of strategic hrm practices in Malaysian institutions. Research and practice in human resource management, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 87-104.
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E., Daniels, S. and Hall, A., 2016. Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies", Academy of management annals, pp. annals-2015.
Cropanzano, R. and Mitchell, M.S., 2005. Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of management, Vol. 31 No. 6, pp. 874-900.
Folger, R. and Konovsky, M.A., 1989. Effects of procedural and distributive justice on reactions to pay raise decisions. Academy of management journal, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 115-130.
George, C., 2015. Retaining professional workers: what makes them stay? Employee relations, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 102-121.
Ghosh, P., Satyawadi, R., Joshi, J.P. and Shadman, M., 2013. Who stays with you? Factors predicting employees' intention to stay. International journal of organizational analysis, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 288-312.
Graham, K., 2012. Development and Validation of a Measure of Intention to Stay in Academia for Physician Assistant Faculty. Theses and Dissertation, Paper 322. The University of Toledo. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPA.0000000000000012
Greenberg, J., 1988. Cultivating an image of justice: Looking fair on the job. The academy of management executive, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 155-157.
Hackman, J. and Oldham, G., 1975. Job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin.
Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P., 2017. One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of applied psychology, 102(3), 530-545. http://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103
Howes, L.M. and Goodman-Delahunty, J., 2015. Career decisions by Australian police officers: A cross-section of perspectives on entering, staying in and leaving policing careers. Police practice and research, Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 453-468.
Hur, Y., 2013. Turnover, voluntary turnover, and organizational performance: Evidence from municipal police departments. Public administration quarterly, pp. 3-35.
Eom, M.T., 2015. How can organization retain it personnel? Impact of its manager's leadership on its personnel's intention to stay. Information systems management, Vol. 32 No. 4, pp. 316-330.
Jans, N.A., 1989. Organizational commitment, career factors and career/life stage.
Journal of organizational behavior, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 247-266.
Karavardar, G., 2014. Organizational career growth and turnover intention: An application in audit firms in Turkey. International business research, Vol. 7 No. 9, p. 67.
Kim, B., Rhee, E., Ha, G., Jung, S.H., Cho, D., Lee, H.K. and Lee, S.M., 2016. Cross- cultural validation of the career growth scale for Korean employees. Journal of career development, Vol. 43 No. 1, pp. 26-36.
Lal, P., Malhotra, C., Nath, A., Malhotra, R., Ingle, G.K. et al., 2007. Career aspirations and apprehensions regarding medical education among first year medical students in Delhi. Indian journal of community medicine, Vol. 32 No. 3, p. 217.
Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.L., Jiang, S., Elechi, O.O., Benjamin, B., Morris, A., Laux,
J.M. and Dupuy, P., 2010. The relationship among distributive and procedural justice and correctional life satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intent: An exploratory study. Journal of criminal justice, Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 7-16.
Lee, T., Hom, P., Eberly, M. and Li, J., 2017. Managing employee retention and turnover with 21st century ideas. Organizational dynamics.
Liu, J., Yang, J., Liu, Y., Yang, Y. and Zhang, H., 2015. The use of career growth scale in Chinese nurses: Validity and reliability. International journal of nursing sciences, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 80-85.
Lynch, J.E. and Tuckey, M., 2008. The police turnover problem: fact or fiction? Policing: An international journal of police strategies & management, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 6-18.
Moorman, R.H., 1991. Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of applied psychology, Vol. 76 No. 6, p. 845.
Muzumdar, P., 2012a. Influence of interactional justice on the turnover behavioral decision in an organization.
Muzumdar, P., 2012b. Influence of interactional justice on the turnover behavioral decision in an organization.
Nadiri, H. and Tanova, C., 2010. An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International journal of hospitality management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 33-41.
Nouri, H. and Parker, R.J., 2013.Career growth opportunities and employee turnover intentions in public accounting firms. The British accounting review, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 138-148.
Owolabi, A.B., 2012. Effect of organizational justice and organizational environment on turn-over intention of health workers in Ekiti state, Nigeria. Research in world economy, Vol. 3 No. 1, p. 28.
Price, J.L. and Mueller, C.W., 1986. Absenteeism and turnover of hospital employees.
.
Reina, C.S., Rogers, K.M., Peterson, S.J., Byron, K. and Hom, P.W., 2017. Quit- ting the boss? the role of manager influence tactics and employee emotional engagement in voluntary turnover. Journal of leadership & organizational studies, p. 1548051817709007.
Reukauf, J.A., 2018. The correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention in small business.
Rhoades, L. and Eisenberger, R., 2002. Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology.
Shao, R., Rupp, D.E., Skarlicki, D.P. and Jones, K.S., 2013. Employee justice across cultures: A meta-analytic review. Journal of management, Vol. 39 No. 1, pp. 263-301.
Spagnoli, P., 2017. Organizational socialization learning, organizational career growth, and work outcomes: A moderated mediation model. Journal of career development, p. 0894845317700728.
Spagnoli, P. and Weng, Q., 2017. Factorial validity, cross-cultural equivalence, and latent means examination of the organizational career growth scale in Italy and China. The international journal of human resource management, pp. 1-20.
Tett, R. and Meyer, J., 1993. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta- analysis findings. Personnel psychology, Vol. 46.
Thibaut, J.W. and Walker, L., 1975. Procedural justice: A psychological analysis, L. Erlbaum Associates.
The Express, 2015. Service structure: Regulations sought for warden promotion. The Express Tribune. Retrieved from http://tribune.com.pk/story/907581/service-structure-regulations-sought-for-wardens-promotions/
Toch, H., 2002. Stress in policing. Washington DC: American psychological association. Pines, AM & G. Keinan (2005). Stress and burnout: The significant difference. Personality and individual differences, pp. 1-11.
Wang, Q., Weng, Q., McElroy, J.C., Ashkanasy, N.M. and Lievens, F., 2014. Organizational career growth and subsequent voice behavior: The role of affective commitment and gender. Journal of vocational behavior, Vol. 84 No. 3, pp. 431-441.
Weng, Q., McElroy, J.C., Morrow, P.C. and Liu, R., 2010a. The relationship between career growth and organizational commitment. Journal of vocational behavior, Vol. 77 No. 3, pp. 391-400.
Wittmer, J.L., Martin, J.E. and Tekleab, A.G., 2010. Procedural justice and work out- comes in a unionized setting: The mediating role of leader-member exchange. American journal of business, Vol. 25 No. 2, pp. 55-70.
Yun, I., Hwang, E. and Lynch, J., 2015. Police stressors, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention among South Korean police officers. Asian journal of criminology, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 23-41.
Zeytinoglu, I.U., Keser, A., Y, G., Inelmen, K., O¨ zsoy, A. and Uygur, D., 2012. Security in a sea of insecurity: job security and intention to stay among service sector employees in Turkey. The international journal of human resource management, Vol. 23 No. 13, pp. 2809-28
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How to Cite
Mehmood, S. A., Nadarajah, D., & Akhtar, M. S. (2018). Explaining the Impact of Perceived Career Growth and Organisational Justice on Intention to Stay. International Journal of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.23960/ijebe.v1i2.29
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